Do you ever read about a dog breed
and discover that a
particular breed can
be prone
to a number
of diseases - most of
which you can't understand? Are you
in the process of choosing a dog
and you want to know which breed-specific
hereditary disease that
the breeder should have screened
out in the breeding stock?
Most
breeders spend a lot of time and resources trying to get rid of genetic diseases in their lines. However, some amateur breeders and puppy mills are breeding dogs without screening the parents and perpetuating poor genetic health.
This article
is not exhaustive but will attempt to describe some common hereditary musculoskeletal diseases and indicate some of the dog breeds that have shown a tendency to inherit these diseases in the past.
Since so many dogs have inherited orthopedic problems, these disorders are extremely well
researched and studied. If you want to check on a particular dog breed you can go to
www.dog-breed-facts.com and search on a particular breed for its health issues.
There are a number of common inherited diseases for which reputable breeders screen their breeding stock.
The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) has specialists evaluate X-rays, DNA, thyroid, cardiac and other tests and register the results.
A prospective pure-bred puppy buyer should
ask to see the OFA
results for the dog's sire and dam.
Chondrodysplasia
or dwarfism in the
legs is a disease that causes
malformation of the carpal and radius bones of the front legs resulting in a
stunted and bowed look. Puppies born with this disease do not show any signs until they
grow older. The disease can be painful and often the only choice
is to euthanize the dog. This disease
is most common in the Alaskan malamute and the Beagle.
Elbow dysplasia is a hereditary disease in which the elbow
joints of the front legs are malformed. Lameness usually makes its appearance around 7 to 10 months of
age and is treated by anti-inflammatories and also surgery. All breeds are susceptible to the disease but it is most common in large male breeds. These breeds include
the: Basset hound, Bernese mountain
dog, Bloodhound, Bouvier des Flandres, Chow Chow, German shepherd, Golden
retriever, Great Pyrenees, Irish wolfhound, Labrador retriever, Mastiff, Rottweiler,
Saint Bernard and Weimaraner.
Hip dysplasia is a disorder that results when there is a
loose fit of the 'ball and socket' hip joint and the ball may continuously slide part way out of the
socket. Over time this will cause osteoarthritis in the joint and the dog will become lame and weak in the hind end. Some relief can be found with the use of nutriceuticals such as glucosamine and chondroitin, and anti-inflammatories. Some cases are so bad that the dog must have surgery or be euthanized. Ensuring that your dog isn't overfed and overweight can delay the onset of hip dysplasia. Larger breeds that grow fastest during the first four months seem to be more prone to this
disease. Hip dysplasia is the most common inherited orthopedic disease in large and giant breeds and many medium-sized breeds as well.
Legg-Calve-Perthes is a disease of the hip joint where the ball or head of the femur deteriorates and causes pain and lameness in the hind leg. This disease usually
affects young small dogs aged from 4 to 12 months. This condition is successfully treated by surgery. This disorder can affect all terriers,
Chihuahuas, Dachshunds, Miniature pinscher, Miniature poodles, Pugs and Toy poodles.
Panosteitis or 'pano' is a common condition which suddenly causes lameness in a growing puppy or adolescent dog. The lameness is a result of inflammation of the long bones of the front and hind legs and can be mild to severe. A veterinarian will probably prescribe pain medication and ask you to restrict exercise. Affected puppies usually grow out of the condition as they mature. It is most common in male medium- to giant-sized dog breeds which include the: Afghan Hound, Basset hound, Doberman pinscher, German shepherd, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Labrador retriever and Rottweiler.
Luxating Patella (Patellar luxation) or slipped stifle is a hereditary condition where the knee cap slips out of its groove. In some cases, the
kneecap will slip back into place while in other cases; a veterinarian may
need to put it back in place. If it is not corrected through surgery, then osteoarthritis will usually result. The condition is quite prevalent in
toy breeds. It is commonly seen in the Affenpinscher, Australian terrier, Basset hound, Boston terrier, Chihuahua, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, English Toy Spaniel, Maltese, Papillon, Pekingese, Pomeranian, Poodle (miniature and toy) and Lhasa Apso.
Mike Mathews is a
contributing writer and editor for the popular dog breed site:
http://www.dog-breed-facts.com. He provides informative, real-world advice and tips on dog breeds, dog health, dog grooming and more. As well be sure to check out his
free report on Dog Training.